1. The structural strength of paper tubes varies according to their moisture contents and molding methods. But it is generally believed to be less than half the strength of wood or bamboo.

2. Since paper tubes are industrial products, their qualities can be easily controlled. They have many merits as structural materials. For example, they do not crack and can be processed into any length or thickness.

3. The sections of paper tubes are always flat. We cannot crush the ends of paper tubes like steel pipes in order to make them thin. So they must be carefully joined together.

4. Example 1 -- The Main Gate to the Venue of the Odawara Festival: Simple metal joints, each of which was made by welding two angle joints, were used to join paper tubes.

5. Example 2 -- Paper House: In the lower parts of paper tubes, it is important to adopt a joining method with which fixed end moment created by lateral load can be transferred to concrete slabs. In this project, wooden joints bolted on the floor transfer fixed end moment to paper tube slabs.